• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    tunnel ventilation system under normal conditions and under fire conditions and tunnel ventilation and fire fighting process under normal conditions and under fire conditions comprises tunnel ventilation system having a horizontal partition (1) divided into three ventilation ducts separated (4) and (5) with fire-resistant flaps which, in an emergency, close the ventilation ducts hermetically; control of the respective positions will be dependent on the measured parameters in the tunnel and the presence of fire in the tunnel or not and, if so, the position of the fire; fans (3, 3a) are operated in accordance with prevailing tunnel conditions; an air intake filter (6a) prevents a fresh air inflow greater than the projected amount from being brought from the environment into the tunnel; the system incorporates a tube-shaped tank (9) positioned longitudinally under a passageway containing sufficient oxygen-reduced air to combat fires; in the event of fire, low oxygen air is brought into the space of the tunnel section under fire.
    公开号:BR112013001871B1
    申请号:R112013001871
    申请日:2010-07-27
    公开日:2019-09-10
    发明作者:Pavetic Ivor；Pavatic Svibor
    申请人:Josip Pavetic；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS AND VENTILATION AND FIRE FIGHTING PROCESSES IN THE TUNNEL UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS.
    Technical field [0001] The present patent application concerns the process of tunnel ventilation under normal and fire conditions and a tunnel ventilation system under conditions designed to prevent a longitudinal air flow in the tunnel during a as well as offering fire protection in long tunnels. The present patent application ensures a stationary air movement in the fire zone with simultaneous fire extinguishment, in order to prevent the spread of fire and smoke in the tunnel, in addition to the fire affected area.
    Technical problem [0002] The problem that arises in tunnels, especially large ones, is how to ensure the removal of contaminated gas out of the tunnel, easily and efficiently, combined with a fast and effective fire extinguishing, without spreading the fire. smoke to the part of the tunnel not affected by the fire. The present patent application solves these technical problems by offering a stationary air flow in the tunnel, through the application of a ventilation system and a tunnel ventilation process where the ventilation section, above the horizontal partition, is divided vertical partition walls in three separate ventilation ducts. The ventilation ducts have flaps that, unlike standard shutters, offer perfect sealing. In addition, the system consists of a ventilation unit installed in a nursing home.
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 32/62
    2/22 machines in the tunnel portals, which allows maintenance of the unit without interfering with the traffic present. Due to the continuous discharge of contaminated air out of the tunnel, the ventilation and ventilation control equipment guarantee, both under normal operation and under fire conditions, minimal pollution of the walls and roof of the tunnel. The ventilation control system of the tunnel also allows the return of air to the place of origin, consequently preventing the occurrence of major microclimate changes. The system allows the installation of a purification system to remove contaminated gases out of the tunnel. The system as a whole was designed for low energy levels, requiring optimal energy consumption for its operation. If a fire breaks out in the tunnel, the system and process in accordance with this application will ensure that the fire is confined to a stationary space between two rows of adjacent flaps, making one of the main features of this application of invention patent is then materialized, in order to contain the spread of smoke to the rest of the tunnel, thanks to the absence of movement of fresh air through the fire. Through the flaps, the smoke is directly dispersed through lateral ducts and, if necessary, through central ducts, with fresh air entering from both portals, to the flaps in front of the fire and, if necessary, also from the central duct, partially. Simultaneously with the fire signaling and detection of the exact position of the fire, air with reduced oxygen content is introduced into the section under fire, where the fire extinguishes. The movement of fresh air to the flaps in front of the fire and the simultaneous discharge of contaminated air and smoke through at least two ventilation ducts
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 33/62
    3/22 will limit the spread of smoke in the tunnel, and thus provide free access for rescue personnel arriving from either side of the tunnel. In the rescue operation, it will be possible to leave the fire zone on either side and then have a free exit from the tunnel. In addition to the extinguishing of the fire by means of air with reduced oxygen content, the system also allows the extinguishing of the fire through the use of other agents and systems. State of the art [0003] Document CH 433424 does not describe 3-duct ventilation throughout the entire tunnel, only an auxiliary fan at the beginning of the tunnel (Fig.4). It also describes (line 17-24) the way to obtain suction in a fire protection system that cannot reach a steady state in the fire zone. This system cannot prevent the influx of fresh air to the place under fire. Document CH 471287 deals with a suspended ceiling and connecting rods that ensure better sealing of the suspended ceiling and the shape of the tunnel, and which are not provided for lateral suction ventilation ducts (Figs. 1-5). The required protection is based on the design and details of the suspended ceiling and partition walls. The design of the suspended ceiling with vertical beams has a certain similarity with our proposed design, but our ventilation principle is totally different from that described in that document, except for the similarity of the use of 3 ducts.
    [0004] US 1.643863 describes cross ventilation with suction ducts mounted above the tunnel portal and with fresh air supply ducts under the traffic line. This design also does not provide a steady state at the location of the tunnel where the fire broke out. It has no functional or structural similarity with our
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 34/62
    4/22 new design. The 3 ventilation tubes shown above the profile do not have the same ventilation function, nor are they part of the ventilation duct, as in the preferred solution below, so that, as stated in the patent, their number can be greater or less than that 3.
    [0005] None of the existing patented tunnel ventilation systems can meet the passenger and tunnel protection requirements for longer tunnels. By their own design, they are unable to ensure a steady state in the area under fire, the characteristic that constitutes the main advantage of our design. Not all existing patented solutions deal with the tunnel fire problem, only with normal tunnel ventilation. The solutions are to bring fresh air to the tunnel and remove the contaminated air produced in traffic.
    Summary [0006] What is the essence of the present patent application is its ventilation system and process, producing a type of aerodynamics that, under normal operation, ensures an efficient removal of contaminated air out of the tunnel and, in a fire regime, it ensures an efficient fire fighting for people present in the area under fire and an unobstructed and safe escape of passengers in the tunnel to an area of fresh air, regardless of the direction in which they move. Firefighters and rescue personnel can also reach the area under fire, along with fresh air. The tunnel ventilation system under the present patent application provides a ventilation section on the horizontal partition, divided by vertical dividing walls in three separate ventilation ducts. Fire resistant flaps are installed in the
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 35/62
    5/22 ventilation ducts, which in an emergency case close the ventilation ducts hermetically. The control of the respective positions will be dependent on the parameters measured in the tunnel and the presence of fire in the tunnel or not and, if so, the position of the fire. The engine rooms in the portals accommodate fans that are also operated according to the prevailing conditions in the tunnel. Along the tunnel and under the suspended ceiling, a system is installed for accurate and rapid detection of conditions in the tunnel, including the location of the fire. In addition, a computer program is also provided to monitor and control the ventilation system under normal conditions and under fire conditions and also the fire-fighting system itself. The present invention patent application also provides for the application of an air intake filter to prevent an influx of fresh air greater than the projected quantity from being brought from the environment into the tunnel, whereby the desired stationary air movement is obtained, both under normal conditions and under fire conditions. The system incorporates a tube-shaped tank that is positioned longitudinally under the passage and that contains air with reduced oxygen content in sufficient quantity to fight fires in 2 sections, where one section represents the space between 2 rows of flaps. In the event of a fire, air with reduced oxygen content is brought into the space of the tunnel section under fire. The present application for a patent provides for a tunnel ventilation process under normal conditions and under fire conditions. The lateral ventilation ducts serve to ensure a continuous suction of contaminated air out of the tunnel, where, under conditions of increasing / decreasing the value of the measured parameters, the central ventilation duct serves to bring fresh air.
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 36/62
    6/22 for the tunnel, and where, under fire conditions, it serves to remove contaminated air and smoke out of the tunnel, where, under any regime, the continuous supply of fresh air is provided from both portals . Depending on the speed of air movement projected for the tunnel, the capacity and direction of operation of the fan are controlled and at least one air intake filter is switched on / off, through which the influx of the amount of air brought from the environment to the tunnel, as designed, is controlled and the projected air flow is obtained, under normal conditions and under conditions of increasing / decreasing the value of the measured parameters, as well as the condition of no longitudinal air flow, in case of fire in the section under fire. The process includes the positioning of flaps in all three ducts, in accordance with the measured conditions prevailing in the tunnel.
    Specification of drawings and detailed description of the present patent application [0007] Below, a detailed description of the present patent application, with reference to the following drawings:
    Figure 1 cross section of the tunnel;
    Figure 2 cross section of the tunnel with the escape passage;
    Figure 3 longitudinal section of the leakage passage;
    Figure 4 longitudinal section of the tunnel showing measurement probes and installed equipment;
    • Figure 5 cross section of the tunnel and air flow under normal conditions;
    Figure 6 cross section of the tunnel and air flow under
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 37/62
    7/22 fire conditions;
    • Figure 7 longitudinal section of the tunnel and air movement under fire conditions;
    • Figure 8 position of the flaps in the central duct and operation of the fan in case of fire, in the vicinity of one of the portals;
    • Figure 9 position of the flaps in the central duct and operation of the fan in case of fire somewhere in the middle of the tunnel; and • Figure 10 position of the flaps in the central duct and operation of the fan in case of fire in any part of the tunnel.
    [0008] The tunnel ventilation system involves the use of a suspended ceiling with 2 partitions 2 above it, or 3 ducts with built-in fire resistant flaps 4 and 5, the dimensions of which guarantee a sufficient air intake speed during aspiration and extending from one side of the duct to the other, practically from one side wall of the tunnel to the other. The flaps 4 of the side ducts open along the longitudinal axis, and the flaps 5 of the central duct open along the perpendicular axis, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the duct. All flap drives are positioned and can be serviced along with the ventilation ducts, even under normal traffic.
    [0009] The tunnel ventilation system under normal conditions and under fire conditions, where at a given height the tunnel is divided by a horizontal partition 1 into traffic and ventilation parts, where the system contains a side escape passage 16 accessed by the traffic part through a pressure door 15 with springs, where the ventilation part is positioned above the horizontal partition 1 and divided by vertical partitions 2 in three separate ventilation ducts 2, where the ventilation ducts, spaced 50-100 meters along
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 38/62
    8/22 of the tunnel extension, contain rows of flaps 4 and 5 built-in, where the system in question still contains a system for detecting the conditions of the tunnel, a control system with a computer program to monitor and control the system under normal conditions and under fire conditions, and at least three fans 3, 3a at the entrance to the ventilation ducts, in at least one portal. In the lateral leakage passage 16 overpressure is provided by one or more fans 14 mounted in the engine rooms or at least in a tunnel portal; where the system still incorporates a tube-shaped tank 9 positioned longitudinally under the passage, containing air with reduced oxygen content, with sufficient capacity to extinguish 2 sections, where one section represents the space between 2 adjacent rows of flaps 4 and 5, where, in the event of a fire, air with reduced oxygen content is brought to the section of the tunnel affected by the fire through a reticulated duct 12 via explosive valves 10 and a distribution pipe 11; on at least one side of the tunnel the system contains fans 6 that generate air intake filters 6a that prevent the inflow of fresh air from the environment into the tunnel, which prevents an inflow of fresh air greater than the projected quantity from being brought in from the environment to the tunnel, and keeps the air movement stationary in the tunnel in case of fire. The fans 3 installed in the side ducts are adapted axially / diagonally with a system for separating solid particles, and the fans 3a installed in the central duct are reversible / axial.
    [0010] Flaps 4 and 5 are electromotive or hydraulic anti-fire flaps installed on the horizontal partition 1 in all three ventilation ducts, in order to cover the entire length of the ceiling, from one side of the tunnel to the other and, when closed ,
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 39/62
    9/22 offer a perfect seal, where the flaps 4 of the lateral ducts open along the longitudinal axis and the flaps 5 of the central duct open along the perpendicular axis, in relation to the longitudinal axis of the duct. The system for detecting conditions in the tunnel consists of probes 13 for measuring concentrations of O2, CO, chambers and / or sensors for measuring visibility, probes 7 for measuring temperature and smoke and probes 8 for measuring air speed, where , through the measured parameters of the probes 13 and the visibility sensors the operation of the fans 3, 3a in the ventilation ducts is controlled, and through the measured parameters of the probes (8) at least one fan 6 is switched on / off to control the filter air intake 6a. In addition, the side ducts have a larger profile, where all the aforementioned ventilation ducts serve to ensure a continuous suction of contaminated air out of the tunnel and also of smoke, in the event of fire, where the central duct under normal conditions under a high concentration of CO and decreased air visibility in the tunnel will serve to bring additional fresh air into the tunnel. Under fire conditions the central duct serves to remove contaminated air and smoke from the tunnel, where, in the event of a fire in the section located near one of the portals, it will serve to bring fresh air. Figure 1 shows a tunnel cross section where it can be seen that, at a certain height of traffic, the tunnel is divided by the horizontal partition 7 into parts of traffic and ventilation. The ventilation part above the horizontal partition is divided by the vertical partitions 2 into three separate ventilation ducts, where the lateral ducts have a larger profile and the central duct has a smaller profile. At the entrance of the ventilation ducts in each portal at least three
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 40/62
    10/22 fans 3, 3a are installed, where fans 3, installed in the side ducts, are axial / diagonal and fans 3a installed in the central duct are reversible / axial. Fans 3, 3a are mounted in the engine rooms above each portal, where they can be maintained without interruption of traffic in the tunnel. Figure 3 shows the cross section of the tunnel and air flow under normal conditions, where the side ducts serve for continuous aspiration of polluted air, out of the tunnel, at a minimum level, and fresh air enters, as a rule, through the portals . In an emergency and under normal conditions, fresh air can be brought through the central duct. If the values of O2, CO or visibility 13 exceed the allowable limits in a given section of the tunnel, fresh air will be injected in that place through the central duct. If the CO concentration continues to rise or visibility continues to decrease, the operation of the side fans will be automatically regulated, thus ensuring the lowest possible energy consumption, combined with high-efficiency tunnel ventilation.
    [0011] The middle and side ducts contain the installed flaps 4 and 5 which, in case of fire, offer a perfect seal, unlike conventional shutters, which is a very important difference, in relation to the known solutions. Looking at the cross section, flaps 4 and 5 are mounted on all three ducts, spaced 50-100 meters along the length of the tunnel. The flaps 4 and 5 are installed on the horizontal partition 7 covering the entire length of the ceiling, from one side of the tunnel to the other (see Figure 1. Figures 2 and 3 show the tunnel cross section with the escape passage 16 and the section longitudinal leakage passage 16. In the lateral leakage passage
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 41/62
    11/22 divided, the overpressure is about 50 Pa, and entrances are provided from the traffic part of the tunnel, through pressure ports 15 with springs every 250 m. Overpressure is produced by means of fans 14 mounted in the engine rooms of the tunnel portals. Escape passage 16 replaces an additional service tunnel which, in longer two-hand tunnels, would need to be built in parallel with the passage's traffic tunnel. The overpressure in the leak passage 16 prevents a possible penetration of contaminated air coming from the passage section of the tunnel to the said leak passage 16.
    [0012] At each of the tunnel entrances, air intake filters 6a are created by special fans 6 to prevent air from entering the tunnel above the projected quantities. This is very important in areas characterized by strong winds, a big difference in elevations between the portals or different climatic conditions at the tunnel construction site. Depending on the conditions mentioned above, an air intake filter 6a can be provided on only one side of the tunnel.
    [0013] Under fire conditions, a very important role will be played by the ventilation system and rapid detection of the fire site. After detecting the exact location of the fire, all flaps 4 and 5 close automatically and hermetically in all three ducts of both portals, with the exception of flaps 4 and 5 of the fire. The operation of the fans in the portals is controlled by measuring the air velocity 8 before the flaps 4 and 5, thus ensuring that there is no longitudinal flow of fresh air (the supply of it to the fire site) through the place under fire. The central duct with the reversible flaps takes care of this, regardless of which part of the
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 42/62
    12/22 tunnel is affected by an incident involving fire. The central duct flaps also function as a partition, enabling the tunnel to operate, on the one hand, as a vacuum system and, on the other, as a feeding system. Along the tunnel and below the suspended ceiling, a system is installed for accurate and rapid detection of tunnel conditions, including the location of the fire. The system for detecting conditions in the tunnel consists of probes 13 for measuring concentrations of O2, CO, chambers and / or sensors for measuring visibility, probes 7 for measuring temperature and smoke and probes 8 for measuring air velocity. The side duct fans are controlled by the O2, CO 13 probe and the visibility sensor, so that the supply of the minimum required amount of fresh air from the portals is continuously supplied and distributed evenly through all the flaps. If the measured parameter values exceed the allowable values, fresh air will be injected through the central duct, to the respective locations, as a first measurement. If the values continue to rise, in the next stage the operation of the side suction fans, and in this way the supply of extra fresh air through the portals, will be intensified. If the values of the harmful gases continue to rise, the central duct will be used for aspiration or feeding. All three ducts will then provide the maximum projected air transport. What we have during any regime is the effect of the continuous movement of fresh air from the portal, to the tunnel. Air speed probes 8 are installed every 300 to 500 m to control fans mounted in the engine rooms on the tunnel portals, in order to ensure an equal speed of fresh air under normal conditions and under fire conditions.
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 43/62
    13/22
    Under the passage there is a tank in the shape of a tube 9. Tank 9 contains air with low oxygen content, with sufficient capacity to extinguish 2 sections, where one section represents the space between 2 adjacent rows of flaps 4 and 5. In the case of fire, air with reduced oxygen content is blown through the explosive valves 10 and brought into the tunnel space through reticulated ducts 12, which at the same time send an audible alarm signaling the moment when a vehicle crosses a traffic lane to another. Once the steady state is reached, in the area under fire (where there is no longitudinal air movement), compressed air is blown with reduced oxygen content, through which the oxygen concentration in the area under fire is reduced to 9-15 %, which makes any burning impossible without causing threats to human lives. Compressed air with reduced oxygen content is stored in tank 9 installed longitudinally under the passage of the tunnel, in sufficient volume to extinguish at least one fire. The compressed air with reduced oxygen content in tank 9 is released through electromagnetic explosive valves 10, a distribution tube 11 and trusses 12 along the passage. It also serves to warn drivers not to cross from one traffic lane to another.
    [0014] The mixture of air with reduced oxygen content and the air in the section under fire occurs instantly and fills the entire section under fire with the mixture, where the oxygen content varies from 9 to 15%. The fire can also be extinguished with any other fire extinguishing system. However, due to the state of air movement in the section under fire, it is also possible to apply air with reduced oxygen content.
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 44/62
    14/22
    The process of ventilating tunnels under normal conditions and under fire conditions requires a definition of the amount of air required for ventilation of tunnels under normal conditions and under fire conditions. The process involves the use of a suspended ceiling with 2 partitions above it, or 3 ventilation ducts with built-in fire-resistant flaps, in dimensions that ensure a sufficient air intake speed during aspiration and that extend from one side to the other. another from the duct, practically from one side of the tunnel to the other. The side flaps 4 open along the longitudinal axis, and the central flap 5 opens along the perpendicular axis, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the duct. All flap drives are positioned and can be serviced along with the ventilation ducts, even under normal traffic. The fans are mounted in the engine rooms above each portal, where they can be maintained without interruption of traffic in the tunnel. At 50 m from the tunnel entrance, the speed v2.3 of the air entering through the portal is measured and, depending on the specified speed vi, the fans of the air intake filter 6 are controlled. The air intake filters allow fresh air to enter through the portals, into the tunnel, only up to the maximum allowable amount of air qmax designated, which the installed fans can remove.
    [0015] Along the tunnel and under the suspended ceiling, a system is installed for precise and accurate detection of tunnel conditions, including the fire site. The system includes video monitoring, smoke analysis, heat sensitive cable, etc.
    [0016] The operation of fan 3 of the side ducts is controlled in accordance with the parameters of the
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    15/22 probes 13 related to the measurement of O2, CO and visibility. The fans 3 of the lateral ventilation ducts generate pressure below normal, through which a continuous supply of the required amount of air from the portals is provided. If the value of the measured O2 and CO concentrations visibly rises / falls beyond the permissible levels, additional fresh air will be injected through the central duct to the respective locations, as a first step. If the values continue to rise, in the next step the operation of the side suction fans 3 (and consequently the supply of extra fresh air through the portals) will be intensified. If the values of the harmful gases continue to rise, the central duct will be used for aspiration or feeding. All three ducts will then provide the maximum projected suction air. What we will have during any regime will be the effect of the continuous movement of fresh air, from the portal to the tunnel.
    [0017] In conditions of minimum traffic, the suction ventilation of the lateral ducts must operate at the minimum level, thus guaranteeing an effect of continuous movement of fresh air from the portal to the tunnel, at a speed of approximately 0.3 m / s. The ventilation system, after the location of the fire is determined, will have to perform its functions very quickly, all due to the sub-normal pressure in the lateral ventilation ducts.
    [0018] The normal and fire ventilation systems also prevent microclimate changes on both sides of the tunnel, as the air that flows into the tunnel returns to the side from which it was blown.
    [0019] Due to the continuous and uniform suction of the polluted air, through the lateral ducts, the internal walls of the
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    16/22 tunnel will remain clean for an extended time, which will mean less cleaning work within the traffic portion of the tunnel. The ventilation ducts can be cleaned during operation of the ventilation system. High energy efficiency of the system, operating in accordance with the traffic conditions of the tunnel. The fans are controlled by rpm regulators and use only the amount of energy necessary for efficient operation.
    [0020] As soon as the location of the fire is determined, in all three ventilation ducts all flaps 4 and 5 will be closed, from the portal to the flaps 4 and 5 closest to the fire zone, which will be fully opened. In addition to the system for detecting tunnel conditions, air speed probes 8 are installed every 300 to 500m, to control fans 3, 3a mounted in the engine rooms of the tunnel portals, in order to ensure equal speed V1 and v2 fresh air from the portals to the open flaps, close to the fire zone. The suction capacity of fans in engine rooms varies according to the measurement of the air velocity in the tunnel. If, looking at the longitudinal section of the tunnel, the fire zone is located symmetrically, the central duct will provide sufficient suction through the short side and, through fresh air, through the far side, it will facilitate the equalization of the velocities of the tunnel. above mentioned air. This is achieved by the design of the flap 5, which during the opening, causes the central duct to split. The flap 5 used for this purpose should be sufficiently separated from the fire zone, so that the speed measurement probe (8) is positioned between the flap and the zone under fire.
    [0021] The system as a whole operates in a way that
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    17/22 the movement of air along the fire acts as a reverse air intake filter that does not allow the entry of fresh air into the fire zone, nor the spread of smoke from there. The result is that there is no longitudinal air movement in the zone under fire, the smoke from the fire rises instead towards the open flaps 4 and 5 on both sides. The smoke and fresh air mix and are transported away, through the ducts, through the open flaps 4 and 5 to the fan, where it is additionally routed through the closed flaps 4 and 5, which are 100% watertight. As it passes through the ducts, the mixture cools and is discharged into the atmosphere by fans 3, 3a. It is possible to install filters to purify the polluted air, both under normal conditions and under fire conditions. The fans 3, 3a, thanks to the flaps 4 and 5 100% watertight, do not need to be dimensioned for an additional amount of air, which would otherwise have to be provided, due to the permeability of the generally applied shutters.
    [0022] After closing the flaps 4 and 5 of the portals, even those in immediate proximity to the area under fire, the fire is isolated and the respective extinction can be carried out. Due to the steady state in the area under fire between two adjacent rows of flaps, it is possible to proceed to extinction by means of air with reduced oxygen content. The low oxygen content of the tube-shaped tank 9 is positioned under the passage, along the entire length of the tunnel. The capacity of tank 9 is sufficient to fight fire in 2 sections. A section is a space between 2 adjacent rows of flaps 4 and 5. Air with reduced oxygen content is brought through the reticulated ducts 12, which, at the same time, send an audible alarm, signaling the moment when a vehicle crosses a road. track
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 48/62
    18/22 traffic to each other. The mixture of air with reduced oxygen content and the air in the section under fire occurs instantly and the entire section under fire is filled with this mixture, whose oxygen content varies from 9 to 15%. The fire can also be combated using any other fire fighting system.
    [0023] The ventilation and fire-fighting process under normal conditions and under fire conditions define, through the system, the maximum allowable amount of air qmax project for ventilation of tunnels under normal conditions and under fire conditions, where the process involves:
    - air velocity measurement see a maximum distance of 50 m from the tunnel entrance, and connection / disconnection of the air intake filters 6a by means of the fan 6, allowing the entry of fresh air through the portals, into the tunnel, only up to the maximum allowable amount of design air qmax that can be removed by fans 3, 3a installed, and
    - simultaneous measurement of air velocity v in the tunnel every 300 to 500 meters, where, depending on air velocity v, probes 8 control the operation capacity of fans 3 and 3a, mounted in the engine rooms of the tunnel portals, and
    - simultaneous measurement of O2, CO and air visibility in the tunnel using probes 13, where probes 13 control fans 3 and 3a, and, depending on the values of the measured parameters, the uniform suction of air out of the tunnel through the lateral ventilation ducts, whereby the supply of the minimum amount of fresh air required is continuously supplied through the portals,
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    19/22
    - temperature and smoke measurement by means of the probes and detection of the conditions of the place under fire, and
    - control of the opening of flaps 4 and 5 in the ventilation ducts, depending on the measured temperature and smoke parameters, where all the previously mentioned steps are functionally interconnected, so that, in the tunnel, the designated air velocity V2 is established either under normal conditions, whether under fire conditions, where the lateral ventilation ducts serve for continuous removal of contaminated air outside the tunnel, or smoke, in the case of fire, where the central ventilation duct, under conditions of O2 concentration, Higher or lower CO and decreased air visibility in the tunnel serves to bring additional fresh air into the tunnel, and under fire conditions it will also serve to remove polluted air and smoke out of the tunnel, where, in case of fire in a section adjacent to one of the portals, it will serve to supply air, where, under normal conditions and under fire conditions, a continuous the supply of fresh air is provided from the portals to the tunnel, where, under fire conditions, air is brought from the portals to the flaps 4 and 5 positioned near the section of the tunnel affected by the fire. If, in a given tunnel location, the measured parameter values are outside the permissible limits, additional fresh air will be injected through the central duct to the respective locations, as a first step, if the values continue to deviate from the permissible limits, in the next step the operation of the side suction fans 3 (and consequently the supply of extra fresh air through the portals) will be intensified, if the values continue to deviate from the permissible parameters, in the third step the central duct
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 50/62
    20/22 will perform its aspiration function. The measured parameters are: oxygen concentration, CO, air visibility, air speed v, temperature, smoke and exhaust gas concentration, as well as any combination of two or more parameters.
    [0024] After detecting the exact location of the fire, all flaps 4 and 5 close automatically and hermetically in all three ducts of both portals, except for flaps 4 and 5 at the fire site. After detecting the fire conditions in a section next to one of the portals, the flap 5 of the central ventilation duct will hermetically close the profile of the duct where such flap 5 must be kept away from the fire zone at a distance such that at least the measurement probe air speed 8 is positioned between the flap 5 and the fire, while the other flaps 5 of the duct remain closed and the fans 3a furthest from the area under fire operate in order to bring fresh air, and where the fans 3a closest from the zone under fire operate to take the air and smoke away from the zone under fire, where the fans 6 of the air intake filters 6a start to operate if the air speed v of at least one of the portals increases beyond designated speed v2. After detecting a fire condition in a section close to the middle of the tunnel, the adjacent flaps 5 limiting the area under fire will close the duct profile, in order to direct the flow of air and smoke through the central ventilation duct, in towards the exit of the tunnel, while the other flaps 5 of the central duct remain closed, and the fans 3a in both portals operate in order to take the air and smoke away from the area under fire, where the air intake filter 6a will start the operation if the air speed v in at least one of the portals increases above the projected speed v2. In the side ducts, after detecting conditions
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    21/22 of fire in any area of the tunnel, the adjacent flaps 4, limiting the fire zone, will restrict the profiles of the side ducts, directing the flow of air and smoke, through the central ventilation duct, towards the exit of the tunnel , while the other flaps 5 in the central duct remain closed and the fans 3a in both portals operate in order to carry the air and smoke away from the area under fire, where the air intake filter 6a starts to operate, if air speed v in at least one of the portals will rise above the designated speed v2.
    [0025] Once the fire is isolated between two adjacent rows of flaps 4 and 5, the compressed air with reduced oxygen content will be simultaneously brought from the tank 9 to the zone under fire, through the reticulated duct 12, through the valves explosives 10 and the distribution pipe 11, where then the mixture of air with reduced oxygen content (with consequent fire extinction) will occur instantly. Fire fighting can be carried out with any other agent suitable for this purpose.
    [0026] The operating capacity and direction of the fans 3, 3a is controlled by measuring the air speed v and the concentrations of O2, CO and air visibility in the tunnel, depending on the air speed v2 3, 3a designated, and at least an air intake filter 6a is switched on / off, through which the inflow of the projected amount of air from the environment into the tunnel is regulated and the designated air movement is obtained under normal conditions, under the conditions corresponding to the values of parameters measured outside the permissible limits and under the fire conditions prevailing in the area under fire. In the zone under fire, after obtaining
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 52/62
    22/22 of the positions of the adjacent flaps 5, so that they close the central duct or direct the air flow in all three ventilation ducts, and regulating the operating capacity and direction of the fans 3, 3a and turning on / off at least one air intake filter 6a, it will be possible to obtain a state without longitudinal air movement, in said zone under fire. The fire ventilation process described above ensures efficient fire fighting for people in the area under fire and a safe and unimpeded escape for passengers in the tunnel, to an area of fresh air, regardless of the direction in which they move. Firefighters and rescue personnel will thus be able to reach the area under fire, together with fresh air.
    Figures Legend
    Figure 4
    T1) speed
    T2) temperature
    T3) smoke
    T4) visibility
    T5) Fire
    Figures 8, 9 and 10
    T5) Fire
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    1. TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS, where the tunnel is divided by a horizontal partition (1) at a given traffic height, in traffic and ventilation parts, where the ventilation part is positioned above horizontal partition (1) and divided by vertical partition (2) into three separate ventilation ducts, where the ventilation ducts contain rows of flaps (4) and (5) inlaid, where the system in question, along the tunnel and under the suspended ceiling it also contains a system for accurate and rapid detection of tunnel conditions, including the location of the fire, a control system with a computer program to monitor and control the system under normal conditions and under fire conditions, and at least three fans (3, 3a) at the entrance of the ventilation ducts, and fans (6) in the traffic part of at least one portal, where the operation of said fans and the position of the flaps (4) and (5) they are controlled in accordance with the conditions prevailing in the tunnel, characterized in that the flaps (4) and (5) are installed in all three ventilation ducts, in order to cover the entire length of the ceiling, from one side of the tunnel to the other, where such flaps, in the closed position, hermetically close the ventilation ducts; where the design of the flaps (5) during the opening causes the central duct to split, where the open or closed position of the flaps (4) and (5) is controlled in accordance with the parameters measured in the tunnel and the fact that there is fire or not in the tunnel and, if so, by the position of the fire, in order to obtain such a state without longitudinal air movement in the area under fire; where at least on one side of the tunnel the fans (6) of the traffic portion of at least one portal generate air intake filters (6a) that
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 54/62
    [2]
    2/8 prevent the influx of fresh air from the environment into the tunnel, in addition to the maximum projected quantity qmax that the fans installed at the entrance of the ventilation ducts (3, 3a) are capable of and remove and maintain the air movement stationary and the projected air speed v2 in the tunnel under normal conditions and under fire conditions.
    2. TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claim number 1, characterized by also containing a tube-shaped tank (9) positioned longitudinally under the passage containing low oxygen content with sufficient capacity to extinguish 2 sections, where one section represents the space between 2 rows of adjacent flaps (4) and (5), where, in the event of a fire, air with reduced oxygen content is brought into the section of the tunnel affected by the fire through a reticulated duct (12) via explosive valves (10) and a distribution tube (11).
    [3]
    3. TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claim number 1, characterized in that the fans (3) installed at the entrance of the lateral ventilation ducts are axial / diagonal with a system for particle separation solid, while the fans (3a) installed at the entrance of the central ventilation duct are reversible / axial.
    [4]
    4. TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claim number 1, characterized in that the flaps (4) of the lateral ducts open along the longitudinal axis, and the flaps (5) of the central duct open along the perpendicular axis, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the duct.
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 55/62
    3/8
    [5]
    5. TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claim number 1, characterized in that the system for detecting conditions in the tunnel consists of probes (13) for measuring concentrations of O2, CO, chambers and / or sensors for measuring visibility, probes (7) for measuring temperature and smoke and probes (8) for measuring air speed, where, through the measured parameters of the probes (13) and the visibility sensors, the operation of the fans (3, 3a) at the entrance of the ventilation ducts are controlled, and through the measured parameters of the probes (8) at least one fan (6) in the traffic part of at least one portal is switched on / off to control the air filter. air intake (6 a).
    [6]
    6. TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claim number 1, characterized in that the tank (9) contains compressed air with reduced oxygen content.
    [7]
    7. TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claim number 6, characterized in that the tank (9) contains any other fire fighting agent.
    [8]
    8. TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side ducts have a larger profile than the central duct, where all the ventilation ducts mentioned serve to ensure a continuous aspiration of contaminated air out of the tunnel and also of smoke, in the event of a fire, where the central duct under normal conditions under a high concentration of CO and decreased visibility of the air in the tunnel serves to bring
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 56/62
    4/8 additional fresh air to the tunnel.
    [9]
    9. TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL AND FIRE CONDITIONS, in accordance with any of the preceding claims, characterized in that under fire conditions, the central duct serves to remove contaminated air and smoke from the tunnel, where, in case fire in the section located near one of the portals, such central duct will serve to bring fresh air.
    [10]
    10. VENTILATION AND FIRE FIGHTING PROCESS IN THE TUNNEL UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS, through the system defined under claims 1 to 9, where the maximum permissible amount of air designated qmax is defined for tunnel ventilation under normal conditions and under fire conditions, where this process involves the following steps: measuring the air speed from a maximum distance of 50 m from the tunnel entrance, and activating / deactivating air intake filters (6a) through the fan (6) the traffic portion of at least one portal; and simultaneous measurement of the air velocity v in the tunnel every 300 to 500 meters, where, depending on the air velocity v, the probes (8) control the operational capacity of the fans (3) and (3a) mounted in the engine rooms of the tunnel portals, at the entrance to the ventilation ducts; and simultaneous measurement of values of O2, CO and air visibility in the tunnel through the probes (13), where the probes (13) control the operational capacity of the fans (3) and (3a) at the entrance of the ventilation ducts, and , depending on the values of the measured parameters, carrying out uniform air suction out of the tunnel through the lateral ventilation ducts, whereby the supply of the minimum amount of fresh air required is continuously provided through the part
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 57/62
    5/8 port traffic; and measurement of temperature and smoke by means of probes to detect the conditions of the fire site, characterized in that the said process still involves the control of the open or closed position of the flaps (4) and (5) in the ventilation ducts, in accordance with the parameters measured in the tunnel and whether or not there is a fire in the tunnel and, if so, the position of the fire, in order to obtain a state without longitudinal air movement in the zone under fire, where all the previous steps mentioned are functionally interconnected in such a way that the operational capacity and the direction of the fans (3, 3a) at the entrance of the ventilation ducts is regulated and at least one air intake filter (6a) is switched on / off, thus allowing fresh air to enter the room. tunnel, through the traffic part of the portals, only up to the maximum permissible amount of air designated qmax that the fans (3, 3a) installed at the entrance of the ventilation ducts are capable of s to be removed, and so that the stationary air movement and the designated air velocity v2 are established both under normal conditions and under fire conditions in the tunnel.
    [11]
    11. VENTILATION AND FIRE FIGHTING PROCESS IN THE TUNNEL UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claim number 10, characterized by the fact that in a given tunnel location the measured parameter values are outside the permissible limits, additional fresh air will be injected through the central duct to the respective locations, as a first stage, and if the values continue to deviate from the permissible limits, in a second stage of operation the lateral suction fans (3) at the entrance of the ventilation ducts (and consequently supply of extra fresh air through the traffic portion of the portals) will be
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 58/62
    6/8 intensified, and if the values continue to deviate from the permissible limits, in the third stage the central duct will go into action to perform the aspiration.
    [12]
    12. VENTILATION AND FIRE FIGHTING PROCESS IN THE TUNNEL UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claim number 10, characterized by the detection of fire conditions in a section next to one of the portals, the flap (5) in the central ventilation duct hermetically close the duct profile; where this flap (5) should be kept away from the fire zone at a distance such that at least the air velocity measurement probe (8) is positioned between the flap (5) and the fire, while the other flaps (5) in the central duct remain closed, and the fans (3a) at the entrance of the ventilation ducts furthest from the area under fire operate in order to bring fresh air, and where the fans (3a) at the entrance of the ventilation ducts closest to the area under fire fire operate to take air and smoke away from the area under fire; where the fans (6) in the traffic part of at least one portal of the air intake filters (6a) start to operate, if the air speed v in at least one of the portals increases beyond the designated speed v2.
    [13]
    13. VENTILATION AND FIRE FIGHTING PROCESS IN THE TUNNEL UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claim number 10, characterized by the detection of a fire condition in a section close to the middle of the tunnel, the flaps (5 ) adjacent limiting the area under fire will close the duct profile, in order to direct the flow of air and smoke, through the central ventilation duct, towards the exit of the tunnel, while the other flaps (5) of the central duct remain closed, and the fans (3a) at the entrance to the ducts
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 59/62
    7/8 ventilation in both portals operate in order to take air and smoke away from the area under fire; where the air intake filter (6a) will start the operation if the air speed v in at least one of the portals increases beyond the projected speed v2.
    [14]
    14. VENTILATION AND FIRE FIGHTING PROCESS IN THE TUNNEL UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS, in accordance with claims 10, 12 and 13, characterized by the detection of fire conditions in any area of the tunnel, the adjacent flaps (4 ), limiting the fire zone, restrict the profiles of the side ducts, directing the flow of air and smoke, through the central ventilation duct, towards the exit of the tunnel, while the other flaps (5) in the central duct remain closed and the fans (3) at the entrance to the ventilation ducts of both portals operate in order to carry the air and smoke away from the area under fire, where the air intake filter (6a) starts to operate, if the speed of air v in at least one of the portals will rise above the designated speed v2.
    [15]
    15. VENTILATION AND FIRE FIGHTING PROCESS IN THE TUNNEL UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claims 12, 13 and 14, characterized by the fact that the fire has been isolated between two adjacent rows of flaps (4) and (5), compressed air with reduced oxygen content is simultaneously brought from the tank (9) to the zone under fire, through the reticulated duct (12), through the explosive valves (10) and the distribution pipe (11) , where, by mixing the air with reduced oxygen content, the fire will be extinguished instantly.
    [16]
    16. VENTILATION AND FIRE FIGHTING PROCESS
    Petition 870190038109, of 04/22/2019, p. 60/62
    8/8
    IN THE TUNNEL UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS, according to claim number 15, characterized by the fact that the fire can be extinguished by any other agent suitable for this purpose.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA2804766C|2015-06-30|
    CN103097660A|2013-05-08|
    WO2012013992A1|2012-02-02|
    KR20130130693A|2013-12-02|
    EP2598718A1|2013-06-05|
    HRP20141131T1|2015-01-30|
    SI2598718T1|2015-02-27|
    EA024966B1|2016-11-30|
    EA201370027A1|2014-03-31|
    BR112013001871A2|2016-05-31|
    JP2013539376A|2013-10-24|
    US9752436B2|2017-09-05|
    CA2804766A1|2012-02-02|
    JP5599511B2|2014-10-01|
    US20130137356A1|2013-05-30|
    EP2598718B1|2014-06-25|
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    法律状态:
    2016-09-20| B08F| Application fees: application dismissed [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]|Free format text: REFERENTE A 3A ANUIDADE. |
    2016-11-08| B08G| Application fees: restoration [chapter 8.7 patent gazette]|
    2019-01-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-02-19| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2019-05-28| B15K| Others concerning applications: alteration of classification|Free format text: AS CLASSIFICACOES ANTERIORES ERAM: E21F 1/00 , E21F 1/08 Ipc: A62C 3/02 (1968.09), E21F 1/00 (1968.09), E21F 1/0 |
    2019-07-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-10| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 27/07/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 27/07/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/HR2010/000026|WO2012013992A1|2010-07-27|2010-07-27|Method and system for tunnel ventilation in normal conditions and in conditions of fire|
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